Overview of Shichi-Go-San (Seven-Five-Three Festival)
Shichi-Go-San (七五三) is a traditional Japanese rite of passage celebrating the growth and well-being of children at the ages of three, five, and seven. Observed annually on November 15, families visit Shinto shrines to pray for their children’s health and future prosperity. The festival is not a national holiday, but it is widely practiced across Japan, with celebrations often taking place on weekends closest to the official date.
The numbers three, five, and seven are considered auspicious in East Asian numerology, symbolizing important milestones in a child’s development. Traditionally, three-year-old boys and girls, five-year-old boys, and seven-year-old girls participate in the ceremony, marking transitions in their growth.
Children dress in formal attire, with boys wearing hakama (traditional trousers) and girls donning kimono with obi belts. Families take commemorative photographs, and children receive Chitose Ame (千歳飴), long red-and-white candy sticks symbolizing longevity and good fortune.
Shichi-Go-San is a joyous family occasion, blending spiritual traditions with modern celebrations, reinforcing Japan’s values of family, protection, and gratitude.
Origins and Historical Development
Shichi-Go-San originated during the Heian period (794–1185), when aristocrats celebrated their children’s passage into middle childhood. The practice later spread to the samurai class, who introduced specific rituals marking developmental milestones.
During the Edo period (1603–1868), the festival became more structured, with distinct ceremonies for different ages:
- Three-year-olds (Kamioki no Gi, 髪置きの儀) – Children were allowed to grow their hair after previously having it shaved.
- Five-year-old boys (Hakamagi no Gi, 袴着の儀) – Boys wore hakama for the first time, signifying their transition toward adulthood.
- Seven-year-old girls (Obitoki no Gi, 帯解の儀) – Girls began wearing obi belts, marking their progression into formal attire.
By the Meiji era (1868–1912), Shichi-Go-San was widely adopted by commoners, incorporating shrine visits and prayers for longevity. Today, the festival remains a cherished tradition, blending historical customs with modern family celebrations.
Shichi-Go-San in Modern Japan
For contemporary Japanese families, Shichi-Go-San is a symbolic and nostalgic event, offering a chance to celebrate their children’s growth. While traditional kimono attire is still popular, some families opt for Western-style suits and dresses, reflecting modern influences.
Professional photography studios offer Shichi-Go-San packages, capturing the occasion with elaborate backdrops and styling. Many families also dine at restaurants after shrine visits, making the day a memorable experience.
Despite changes in lifestyle, Shichi-Go-San continues to be a cherished tradition, reinforcing Japan’s values of family, protection, and cultural heritage.
Famous Regions and Seasonal Significance
Shichi-Go-San is celebrated nationwide, but certain shrines are particularly famous for their grand ceremonies.
- Meiji Shrine (Tokyo) – One of the most popular locations for Shichi-Go-San celebrations.
- Kawasaki Daishi (Kanagawa) – Known for its large-scale blessings and traditional atmosphere.
- Shimogamo Shrine (Kyoto) – Offers historical significance and picturesque surroundings.
Seasonally, Shichi-Go-San aligns with autumn, symbolizing growth, transition, and gratitude. The festival’s timing coincides with fall foliage, enhancing the beauty of shrine visits.
Similar Cultural Traditions
Similar coming-of-age traditions exist worldwide, such as China’s Full Moon Celebration, Korea’s Baek-il and Doljanchi, and Western birthday milestones, each emphasizing growth, protection, and family bonding. Shichi-Go-San, however, remains uniquely Japanese in its spiritual depth and historical significance.